What is the Big and Beautiful Act? What impact does it have?

The recently passed "One Big Beautiful Bill Act” is considered the signature legislative achievement of Donald Trump’s second term. This comprehensive bill integrates tax reform, national defense, border security, social welfare, and energy policy. Key provisions include: extending and expanding TCJA-related tax cuts and investment incentives, significantly increasing defense and border security spending, cutting back on welfare programs such as Medicaid and food assistance, and shifting energy and environmental policy to support fossil fuel development. The bill is projected to boost U.S. real GDP growth to 0.9% in 2026, though its tax cuts and subsidy reductions are expected to intensify social divisions across the country.